本書共八個單元。第一單元介紹化妝品的定義、歷史及中國化妝品市場情況；第二單元介紹無機化合物的命名方法、有機化合物的命名方法、高分子化合物的命名方法及INCI命名；第三單元介紹裝飾性化妝品、護膚化妝品、發(fā)用化妝品及香水；第四單元介紹油性原料、表面活性劑、增稠劑、保濕劑、著色劑、防曬原料、美白劑、抗衰老劑、防腐劑和抗氧化劑；第五單元介紹中國化妝品監(jiān)督管理條例、歐盟化妝品安全的法律法規(guī)及美國化妝品安全的相關法律法規(guī)；第六單元介紹化妝品的配方、技術、分析和包裝；第七單元介紹化妝品的安全性測試、功效評價和感官評價；
隨著我國經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，居民生活水平不斷提高，化妝品已由奢侈品變成了不可或缺的日用品，我國已經(jīng)是全球第二大化妝品消費市場。近年來電商行業(yè)的飛速崛起進一步帶動了化妝品行業(yè)的發(fā)展，我國化妝品行業(yè)規(guī)模迅速擴大。資料顯示，2021年我國化妝品類商品零售額達4026億元，同比增長18.4%�；瘖y品行業(yè)的發(fā)展需要大量化妝品專業(yè)人才的支撐。
近年來，全國許多高校相繼開設了化妝品相關本科專業(yè)。隨著化妝品行業(yè)的國際化趨勢日趨加強，化妝品專業(yè)英語成為化妝品相關本科專業(yè)的一門重要課程。但是，由于中國高校前期沒有開設過化妝品相關本科專業(yè)，所以化妝品專業(yè)英語方面的本科教材相對缺乏。為此，肇慶學院化妝品技術與工程專業(yè)組織從事化妝品專業(yè)一線教學的教師編寫了這本《化妝品專業(yè)英語》。
化妝品專業(yè)英語課程的目的是培養(yǎng)學生閱讀英文專業(yè)文獻的能力，使其在今后的工作中能夠熟練運用�？紤]到大多數(shù)本科同學在大學英語的學習過程中已經(jīng)熟練掌握了英語的各種基礎知識，本書直接選取原汁原味的英文素材給同學們閱讀，教師在授課過程中可對一些重點或特殊的語法和詞法進行介紹。本書收錄了最新的化妝品行業(yè)信息、最常用的化妝品專業(yè)詞匯和用語，適合化妝品類本科專業(yè)學生作為教材使用，也適合化妝品企業(yè)技術人員作為參考書或培訓教材。
本書由徐洪伍擔任主編，吳利歡、高愛環(huán)、張博擔任副主編。具體編寫分工為：第一單元、第五單元～第八單元由徐洪伍編寫；第二單元由吳利歡、李倩編寫；第三單元由張博、王亮編寫；第四單元由高愛環(huán)、劉莉莉編寫。全書由徐洪伍統(tǒng)稿，潘勇主審。
本書的出版得到了肇慶學院精品教材建設項目的資助，同時也融入了化學工業(yè)出版社各位編輯的心血，在此深表感謝！
由于作者水平所限，書中不足之處在所難免，歡迎各位讀者提出寶貴意見和建議，以便不斷完善！
編者
2022年8月
徐洪伍，博士，副教授。肇慶學院精細化工系系主任，精細化工專業(yè)負責人。2006年7月畢業(yè)于中國科學院成都有機化學研究所，獲理學博士學位。2009-2010在清華大學（臺灣）進行博士后研究。承擔《有機化學》、《精細化工專業(yè)英語》、《化妝品原料學》和《高分子材料》等多門課程的教學工作。主要從事手性化合物的合成及應用研究工作，主持或參與項目多項。在國內(nèi)外重要刊物發(fā)表論文二十余篇，其中在《Chemical Communications》、《Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry》等SCI收錄刊物上發(fā)表論文十余篇。
Unit 1 Definition, History and China’s Cosmetics Market 001
Chapter 1 Definition and History 001
1.1 Definition 001
1.2 History 002
Chapter 2 China’s Cosmetics Market 007
2.1 Market Overview 007
2.2 Market Competition 009
2.3 Sales Channels 010
Unit 2 Nomenclatures of Cosmetic Ingredients 013
Chapter 3 Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry 013
3.1 Stoichiometric or Compositional Names 014
3.2 Complexes and Additive Nomenclature 016
3.3 Stereo Descriptors 023
3.4 Summary 024
Chapter 4 Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 027
4.1 Introduction 027
4.2 Substitutive Nomenclature 027
4.3 Creation of Systematic Names 028
4.4 Characteristic Groups—Suffixes and Prefixes 029
4.5 Parent Compounds, Parent Hydrides 030
4.6 Seniority of Parent Compounds 034
4.7 Numbering of Parent Compounds 037
4.8 Functional Class Nomenclature 038
4.9 Specifying Configuration of Stereoisomers 038
4.10 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Names 039
4.11 Graphical Representation 039
Chapter 5 A Brief Guide to Polymer Nomenclature 041
5.1 Introduction 041
5.2 Basic Concepts 041
5.3 Source-based Nomenclature 041
5.4 Structure-based Nomenclature 043
5.5 Nomenclature of Inorganic and Inorganic-Organic Polymers 045
5.6 Traditional Names 045
5.7 Graphical Representations 046
5.8 CA Index Names 046
Chapter 6 International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients 048
6.1 What Is INCI? 048
6.2 Why INCI? 048
6.3 INCI Basics 048
6.4 INCI and CAS 050
6.5 INCI Labeling 051
6.6 What INCI Is Not 051
6.7 Applying for an INCI Name 051
Unit 3 Introduction to Common Cosmetic Products 053
Chapter 7 Decorative Cosmetics 053
7.1 Primers 053
7.2 Concealers 054
7.3 Foundation 056
7.4 Rouge, Blush, or Blusher 056
7.5 Bronzer 056
7.6 Highlighter 057
7.7 Eyebrow Pencils, Creams, Waxes, Gels, and Powders 057
7.8 Eyeshadow 057
7.9 Eyeliner 058
7.10 False Eyelashes 058
7.11 Mascara 059
7.12 Lip Products 059
7.13 Face Powder, Setting Powder, or Setting Sprays 059
7.14 Nail Polish 060
Chapter 8 Skincare Cosmetics 062
8.1 Cleansers 062
8.2 Toners 063
8.3 Hyperpigmentation Treatment 064
8.4 Facial Masks 064
8.5 Moisturizers 065
8.6 Barrier Cream 065
8.7 Sunscreens 066
Chapter 9 Hair Care Cosmetics 069
9.1 Shampoos 069
9.2 Hair Conditioners 071
9.3 Hair Sprays 072
9.4 Permanent Waves 072
9.5 Hair Dyes 072
9.6 Bleaching Agents 074
9.7 Hair Waxes 075
9.8 Relaxers 075
9.9 Hair Straightening 075
Chapter 10 Perfumes 078
10.1 History 078
10.2 What Are the Different Types of Perfume? 078
10.3 How Is Perfume Manufactured? 079
10.4 What Are the Ingredients and Chemical Structures of Perfume? 080
10.5 Why Is Perfume Used? 081
10.6 What Are the Adverse Effects of Perfume? 081
10.7 What Is the Difference Between Perfumes Marketed to Males and Females? 082
10.8 What Do the Terms ‘Fragrance-Free’ and ‘Unscented’ Mean? 082
Unit 4 Ingredients in Cosmetics 084
Chapter 11 Oils 084
11.1 Natural Oils 084
11.2 Synthetic and Semi Synthetic Oils 088
11.3 Mineral Oils 094
Chapter 12 Surfactants 097
12.1 Composition and Structure 097
12.2 Classification 097
Chapter 13 Thickeners 105
13.1 Low Molecular Weight Thickeners 105
13.2 Polymeric Thickeners 105
Chapter 14 Ingredients of Moisturizers 110
14.1 Occlusives 110
14.2 Humectants 111
Chapter 15 Colourants 116
15.1 Inorganic Colourants 116
15.2 Organic Colourants 117
Chapter 16 Sunscreen Agents 122
16.1 Organic UV Filters 122
16.2 Inorganic UV Filters 122
16.3 Hybrid UV Filters (Organic/Inorganic Agents) 123
16.4 Botanical Agents 123
16.5 Safety and Health Hazards of Sunscreen Agents 124
Chapter 17 Skin Whitening Agents 127
17.1 Hydroquinone and Its Derivatives 127
17.2 Retinoic Acid or Tretinoin or Vitamin A Acid 128
17.3 Alpha Hydroxy Acid 128
17.4 Ascorbic Acid and Its Derivatives 130
17.5 Retinol and Retinaldehyde 130
17.6 Arbutin and Aloesin 131
17.7 Glabridin 132
17.8 Kojic Acid 133
17.9 Azelaic Acid 133
17.10 Some Lesser Known Extracts or Molecules for Skin Lightening 134
Chapter 18 Anti-aging Agents 138
18.1 Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 138
18.2 Peptides 139
Chapter 19 Preservatives and Antioxidants 152
19.1 Preservatives 152
19.2 Antioxidants 155
Unit 5 Regulations on Cosmetics 159
Chapter 20 Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics in China 159
20.1 Introduction 159
20.2 CSAR and Its Regulatory System 160
20.3 Definition, Scope and Classification of Cosmetics 160
20.4 Management of Cosmetic Ingredients 163
20.5 Technical Requirements about Safety and Efficacy 164
Chapter 21 Legislative Aspects of Cosmetic Safety in the European Union 168
21.1 Introduction 168
21.2 The Requirements of the EU Regulation 168
21.3 REACH and the Classification, Labelling, and Packaging (CLP) Regulations 172
21.4 Specific Restrictions 172
Chapter 22 The United States’ Regulatory Approach to the Safety and Efficacy of Cosmetics 174
22.1 What Kinds of Products Are “Cosmetics” under the Law? 174
22.2 What Does the Law Say about the Safety and Labeling of Cosmetics? 175
22.3 Does FDA Approve Cosmetics Before They Go on the Market? 176
22.4 Who Is Responsible for Substantiating the Safety of Cosmetics? 177
22.5 Can FDA Order the Recall of a Hazardous Cosmetic from the Market? 177
22.6 What Actions Can FDA Take Against Companies or Individuals Who Market Adulterated or Misbranded Cosmetics? 177
22.7 Can FDA Inspect Cosmetics Manufacturers? 178
22.8 Does FDA Test Cosmetics or Recommend Testing Labs? 178
22.9 Do Cosmetics Firms Need to Register with FDA or Get an FDA License to Operate? 178
Unit 6 Formulations, Technologies, Analyses and Packaging of Cosmetics 180
Chapter 23 Formulations, Technologies and Analyses of Cosmetics 180
23.1 Example 1: The Manufacture and Analyses of a Cream Formulation 180
23.2 Example 2: The Manufacture and Analyses of a Suncream Formulated with Thermal Spring Waters from Ourense (NW Spain) and Sargassum muticum Extracts 183
23.3 Example 3: The Manufacture and Analyses of Several Hair Conditioner Products 185
23.4 Example 4: The Manufacture and Analyses of Lipsticks, Lip Balms and Skin Creams Containing Alkenones 188
Chapter 24 Cosmetic Packaging 195
24.1 Description 195
24.2 Purpose of Cosmetic Packaging 195
24.3 Packaging in Multiple Layers 196
24.4 Standards and Regulations 196
24.5 Environmental Aspects 197
Unit 7 Safety Testing, Efficacy and Sensory Evaluation of Cosmetic Products 199
Chapter 25 Safety Testing of Cosmetic Products 199
25.1 Introduction 199
25.2 Regulatory Requirements for Cosmetics Safety Assessments 200
25.3 Genotoxicity Assessment of Cosmetic Products 203
25.4 Skin Sensitization Assessment of Cosmetic Products 204
25.5 Endocrine Properties Assessment of Cosmetic Products 205
25.6 Assessment of Dermal Absorption of Cosmetic Products 206
25.7 Skin and Eye Irritation Assessment of Cosmetic Products 207
Chapter 26 Efficacy of Cosmetics 208
26.1 Evaluation of the Day and Night Creams 208
26.2 Clinical Study of Safety and Skin Efficacy of the Day and Night Creams 209
26.3 Statistical Analysis 211
26.4 Results and Discussion 211
Chapter 27 Sensory Evaluation of Cosmetic Products 214
27.1 Example 1: Sensory Evaluations of Personal-care Products Formulated with Natural Antioxidant Extracts 214
27.2 Example 2: Sensory Evaluation of a Suncream Formulated with Thermal Spring Waters from Ourense (NW Spain) and Sargassum muticum Extracts 218
Unit 8 Biotechnology Applied to Cosmetics 222
Chapter 28 Active Ingredients Obtained by Biotechnological Processes 222
28.1 Growth Factors 223
28.2 Enzymes 223
28.3 Stem Cells 225
Appendix Ⅰ: Names and Symbols of Selected Elements 227
Appendix Ⅱ: Multiplicative Prefixes 228
Vocabulary 229
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