高等學(xué)校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)規(guī)劃教材·英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教程4:英語(yǔ)演講與辯論2
定 價(jià):20 元
- 作者:Marion Wyse ,黃滔 ,?≤S 著
- 出版時(shí)間:2010/8/1
- ISBN:9787560961743
- 出 版 社:華中科技大學(xué)出版社
- 中圖法分類(lèi):H319.9
- 頁(yè)碼:168
- 紙張:膠版紙
- 版次:1
- 開(kāi)本:16開(kāi)
《英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)教程4:英語(yǔ)演講與辯論2》主要有以下幾個(gè)方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)。1.注重修辭理念:演講是修辭最直接、最精華的體現(xiàn)和成果。然而,中外對(duì)比修辭研究的最新成果表明,中國(guó)學(xué)生在演講稿中所表現(xiàn)出的修辭取向與英語(yǔ)的修辭取向存在較大差異,尤其體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇模式建構(gòu)上。因此,本套教材在Knowledge Input部分著重幫助學(xué)習(xí)者理解英、漢語(yǔ)篇修辭的差異,引導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)者遵循英語(yǔ)演講的修辭模式進(jìn)行語(yǔ)篇建構(gòu)和觀點(diǎn)陳述,從而提升演講的修辭價(jià)值,提升其說(shuō)服力和感染力。
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言輸入:本教材中的Lexical Power Build-Up部分為學(xué)習(xí)者提供了大量實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的預(yù)置語(yǔ)塊,適用于各種類(lèi)型的演講場(chǎng)合和演講目的。這些語(yǔ)塊的選擇是以英語(yǔ)演講修辭理念為基礎(chǔ)的,所以對(duì)語(yǔ)塊的操練和運(yùn)用不僅能提升學(xué)習(xí)者的語(yǔ)言能力,而且能進(jìn)一步深化對(duì)修辭思想的理解,使學(xué)習(xí)者的演講風(fēng)格更加趨近英語(yǔ)演講修辭的要求。
3.練習(xí)多種多樣:本教材在Comprehensive Practice中為教師和學(xué)習(xí)者設(shè)計(jì)了不同層次、不同目的、不同形式的練習(xí)。練習(xí)主要以口語(yǔ)形式完成,包括即時(shí)理解能力訓(xùn)練、批判性思維訓(xùn)練、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力訓(xùn)練、演講和辯論訓(xùn)練、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作訓(xùn)練等。這些練習(xí)目的明確,具有很強(qiáng)的操作性和娛樂(lè)性,教師和學(xué)習(xí)者可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇使用,實(shí)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí),獲得最佳的學(xué)習(xí)效果。
4.優(yōu)質(zhì)素材輸入:本教材中選用的演講范例和名篇兼顧各種類(lèi)型、各種風(fēng)格,具有很強(qiáng)的時(shí)效性和針對(duì)性,從質(zhì)量和數(shù)量上均能滿(mǎn)足各種學(xué)習(xí)層次的學(xué)習(xí)者的需求。
隨著我國(guó)英語(yǔ)教育的快速發(fā)展,英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)長(zhǎng)期貫徹的“以技能為導(dǎo)向”的課程建設(shè)理念及教學(xué)理念已經(jīng)難以滿(mǎn)足社會(huì)的需要。專(zhuān)家和教師們密切關(guān)注的現(xiàn)行英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育大、中、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)脫節(jié),語(yǔ)言、內(nèi)容教學(xué)割裂,單純語(yǔ)言技能訓(xùn)練過(guò)多,專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容課程不足,學(xué)科內(nèi)容課程系統(tǒng)性差,高、低年級(jí)內(nèi)容課程安排失衡及其導(dǎo)致的學(xué)生知識(shí)面偏窄、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)欠缺、思辨能力偏弱、綜合素質(zhì)發(fā)展不充分等問(wèn)題日益凸顯。
針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,我們依托國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”。以?xún)?nèi)容依托教學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo)理論,確定了如下改革思路。
(一)更新語(yǔ)言教學(xué)理念,改革英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)的課程結(jié)構(gòu)。在不改變專(zhuān)業(yè)總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)時(shí)限的前提下,對(duì)課程結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行革命性的變革:改變傳統(tǒng)單一的語(yǔ)言技能課程模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容課程與語(yǔ)言課程的融合,擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能。
(二)開(kāi)發(fā)課程自身潛力。同步提高專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能。內(nèi)容依托課程本身也同時(shí)關(guān)注內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言,把內(nèi)容教學(xué)和語(yǔ)言教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合。以英語(yǔ)為媒介,系統(tǒng)教授專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容;以專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容為依托,在使用語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中提高語(yǔ)言技能,擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面。
(三)改革教學(xué)方法手段。全面提高語(yǔ)言技能和綜合素質(zhì)。依靠?jī)?nèi)容依托教學(xué)在方法上的靈活性,通過(guò)問(wèn)題驅(qū)動(dòng)、輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)等方法調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),把啟發(fā)式、任務(wù)式、討論式、結(jié)對(duì)子、小組活動(dòng)、課堂發(fā)表等行之有效的活動(dòng)與學(xué)科內(nèi)容教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合,提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能,激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主性和創(chuàng)造性,提升思辨能力和綜合素質(zhì)。
本項(xiàng)改革突破了我國(guó)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的課程結(jié)構(gòu),改變了英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段通過(guò)開(kāi)設(shè)單純的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四種語(yǔ)言技能課提高學(xué)生語(yǔ)言技能的傳統(tǒng)課程建設(shè)理念,對(duì)英語(yǔ)課程及教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新性的改革。首創(chuàng)了英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段具有我國(guó)特色的內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言融合的課程體系;率先開(kāi)發(fā)了適合英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段的內(nèi)容依托課程;系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)了英語(yǔ)國(guó)家歷史、地理、社會(huì)文化、歐洲文化、中國(guó)文化、跨文化交際、《圣經(jīng)》與文化、功能英語(yǔ)交際、情景英語(yǔ)交際、英語(yǔ)演講與辯論等教材,以嶄新的途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育的總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。
經(jīng)過(guò)七年的醞釀、準(zhǔn)備、實(shí)驗(yàn),教學(xué)改革取得了鼓舞人心的結(jié)果。
(一)構(gòu)建了英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托課程與語(yǔ)言課程融合的課程體系。新的課程體系改變了傳統(tǒng)單一的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)語(yǔ)言技能課程模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了內(nèi)容依托課程和語(yǔ)言技能課程兩種模塊的融合;課程包含綜合英語(yǔ)、聽(tīng)力、語(yǔ)音、寫(xiě)作、功能英語(yǔ)交際、情景英語(yǔ)交際、英語(yǔ)演講與辯論、英國(guó)歷史文化、英國(guó)自然人文地理、英國(guó)社會(huì)文化、美國(guó)歷史文化、美國(guó)自然人文地理、美國(guó)社會(huì)文化、澳新加社會(huì)文化、歐洲文化、中國(guó)文化、跨文化交際、《圣經(jīng)》與文化;語(yǔ)言技能課程密切關(guān)注英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言技能的發(fā)展,內(nèi)容依托課程不僅關(guān)注系統(tǒng)的學(xué)科內(nèi)容,而且也關(guān)注綜合語(yǔ)言技能的培養(yǎng)。在課程外和課程內(nèi)兩個(gè)層面把內(nèi)容教學(xué)和語(yǔ)言教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合,通過(guò)內(nèi)容教學(xué)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面,提高學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)和多元文化意識(shí),從根本上改變英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生知識(shí)面偏窄、綜合素質(zhì)偏低的問(wèn)題。
Part Three Polishing Speaking Skills
Unit 17 Narrative Speech with Examples
Unit 18 Audience-Centred Speeches
Unit 19 Speech Topics and Plans
Unit 20 Logos-Rational Appeal
Unit 21 Pathos-Emotional Appeal
Unit 22 Ethos-Credibility Appeal
Unit 23 Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value
Unit 24 Rhetoric for Public Policy Speeches
Part Four English Speaking Contest
Unit 25 Prepared Speech in English Speaking Contests
Unit 26 Impromptu Speech in English Speaking Contests
Unit 27 Q & A in English Speaking Contests
Part Five Debating Skills
Unit 28 Basics of Debate
Unit 29 Evidence for Debate
Unit 30 Logic in Debate
Unit 31 Questioning and Team Skills in Debate
Unit 32 Parliamentary Debate
參考文獻(xiàn)
Order of importance- saving the best for last: Often, when you are developing a topic sentence with examples and details, one of the examples is more impressive than the others. Since audiences generally remember what they hear last, and since it is a good idea to leave a good impression on the audience, it is wise to place the most impressive example at the end of the paragraph. Study the following part of a speech, and note that the last example is the most startling one.
A search through etymologies will reveal some examples of words which have narrowed in meaning since their early days. Barbarian was originally a vague designation for a foreigner of any kind; garage, when it was borrowed from France ,meant "a place for storage. " In the United States, lumber has specialized to mean timber or sawed logs especially prepared for use," but in Britain the word still retain sits more generally meaning of " unused articles ". ... Perhaps the most startling specialization has taken place with the word girl; even as late as Chaucer s time, it was used to mean "a young person of either sex" !
Order of familiarity——from the more familiar to the less familiar: When the detail sin the expository paragraph are mostly factual, it is common to begin with the most obvious or familiar detail and move toward the less obvious or less familiar detail. This is the pattern of the following paragraph about the expense of smoking cigarettes. The writer begins with details that most people would consider when thinking about expense: the price. Then the writer discusses the less obvious or familiar expense of smoking cigarettes: the cleaning. Read the paragraph and note how the writer connects the more obvious expense to the less obvious expense.
Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive habit. Considering that the average price per pack of cigarettes is about $ 2.50, people who smoke two packs of cigarettes a day spend $ 5 per day on their habit. But the cost of cigarettes is not the only expense cigarettes mokers incur. Since cigarette smoke has an offensive odor that permeates clothing ,stuffed furniture and carpeting, smokers often find that they must have these items cleaned more frequently than nonsmokers do. This hidden expense does contribute to making cigarette smoking an expensive habit.
Order of time ——from the past to the present: When the details and examples in a paragraph are taken from history or are events that have taken place in the past, it is often a good idea to order the examples according to chronology.