本系列教材定位于大學(xué)本科層次的專(zhuān)門(mén)用途英語(yǔ)。涉及的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域有：銀行業(yè)、商業(yè)、環(huán)境科學(xué)、管理學(xué)、機(jī)械工程、醫(yī)藥、信息與通訊技術(shù)、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、法律、心理學(xué)、公關(guān)關(guān)系、旅游飯店等。通過(guò)本系列教材的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生能夠能夠聽(tīng)懂、讀懂英文寫(xiě)就的各專(zhuān)業(yè)材料，并能用英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確說(shuō)出、寫(xiě)出相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)語(yǔ)篇。
BOOKMAP
1 WHATISPSYCHOLOGY？
2 BRANCHESOFPSYCHOLOGY
3 PSYCHOLOGYINPRACTICE
4 PSYCHOLOGYANDCOMPUTERS
5 DREAMSAND PERSONALITY
6 VYGOTSKYANDPIAGET：THOUGHTANDLANGUAGE
7 MEMORY
8 MENTALDISORDERS：POPULARMYTHS
9 PERSONALITY
10 MODERNADDICTIONS
11 PARAPSYCHOLOGY
12 WITHTHEFUTUREINMIND
ADDITIONALMATERIAL
TRANSCRIPTS
ADDITIONALTRANSLATIONEXERCISE
WORDLIST
Which approach to human behaviour is more relevant to current professional practice：process or person？ Since the mid-19th century, two contrasting approaches to understanding the mind and behaviour have been a topic of discussion：the scientific, or process approach, and the introspective, or person approach.The debate is important because it affects research methods and professional practice and, in the long term, commercial, medical and social progress.A review of these approaches will allow us to reach our own conclusions.The process approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour.This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.The process approach is founded on Pavlov's well-known research into stimulus and response, and supported by Watson, when he formulated the principles of behaviourism in 1913 （Gross, 2007）.These include：complete scientific objectivity; the predictability and controllability ofbehaviour; and similarities between human and animal behaviour.It has been argued, however, that this last principle fails to take into account the existence of consciousness or selfawareness in humans.Countering this criticism, Watson maintained that introspection was subjective, unreliable as a data source and, therefore, unscientific.In the late 19th century, John Dewey highlighted another limitation of the stimulus-response theory （Benjafield, 1996）.Dewey pointed out that, depending on their situation and intention, human beings will respond differently to a similar stimulus, unlike animals, which have a limited range of responses.For example, if we see a child crying and alone in public, we will probably assume that he or she is lost, and look for its mother.On the other hand, when we see a child crying and with its mother, we do nothing.Our responses are determined not only by the stimulus, but also by the social context.By relating behaviour to social context, Dewey foreshadowed social-constructivist theories which form part of the personapproach.The person approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.This approach is supported by the psychodynamic, humanist and social-constructivist theories.For instance, Freud claimed that dreams were the gateway to our unconscious and that relating and interpreting them was a valid means of understanding our inner life.According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, self-awareness is at the centre of our human experience and each individual's unique interpretation of reality is valid.Social constructivism looks beyond individual experience and explains behaviour as a fluid interaction between the person and a continuously changing society.The main argument against the validity of all theories supporting the person approach is that any data based on reported experience is necessarily subjective and, therefore, unverifiable.
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