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大學物理學
本書是為全日制高等院校編寫的教學用書的下冊。上冊內(nèi)容包括運動與力、熱現(xiàn)象、電與磁、波與粒子四部分, 下冊內(nèi)容包括習題解答和拓展閱讀兩部分。
本書是編者結(jié)合自己20余年普通物理教學經(jīng)驗(其中十余年的應(yīng)用技術(shù)型本科教學經(jīng)驗)編寫而成,內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)合理,難點處理得當,尤其適合于應(yīng)用技術(shù)型本科普通物理課程教學使用。主要有以下四點:一是考慮不同需求,內(nèi)容劃分層次。標有 “ ※”號的章節(jié)內(nèi)容為自選內(nèi)容,教師可以根據(jù)教學需求進行取舍,無論取與舍,都不影響內(nèi)容的完整性和邏輯性。習題按難度分為A、B兩類,學生可以根據(jù)自身情況選做對應(yīng)難度的題目;二是注意過渡與銜接,方便學生的預(yù)習和自學。每部分內(nèi)容開始都有引言,結(jié)束都有小結(jié),構(gòu)造出清晰的物理知識體系和脈絡(luò);三是注重學法指導(dǎo),降低學習難度。對于中學相對陌生的內(nèi)容,進行專門學習方法說明。如剛體一章開始即強調(diào)類比方法的運用,并編寫了大量的類比表格;四是精選物理學家的故事作為閱讀材料,激發(fā)學習興趣,培養(yǎng)奮斗精神。
目錄
第五篇習題解答
第 1章質(zhì)點運動學 ··················································· 3
1.1要點歸納 ····················································· 3
1.2習題解答 ····················································· 4第 2章動量角動量 ················································· 10
2.1要點歸納 ····················································· 10
2.2習題解答 ····················································· 11第 3章功和能 ······················································· 19
3.1要點歸納 ····················································· 19
3.2習題解答 ····················································· 20第 4章流體力學 ····················································· 25
4.1要點歸納 ····················································· 25
4.2習題解答 ····················································· 26第 5章振動 ························································· 30
5.1要點歸納 ····················································· 30
5.2習題解答 ····················································· 31第 6章狹義相對論基礎(chǔ) ··············································· 36
6.1要點歸納 ····················································· 36
6.2習題解答 ····················································· 37第 7章氣體動理論 ··················································· 41
7.1要點歸納 ····················································· 41
7.2習題解答 ····················································· 42第 8章熱力學基礎(chǔ) ··················································· 50
8.1要點歸納 ····················································· 50
8.2習題解答 ····················································· 51第 9章靜電場 ······················································· 60
9.1要點歸納 ····················································· 60
9.2習題解答 ····················································· 61
第 10章恒定磁場 ····················································· 77
10.1要點歸納 ····················································· 77
10.2習題解答 ····················································· 78
ii目錄
第 11章電磁感應(yīng)與電磁場 ·············································· 90
11.1要點歸納 ····················································· 90
11.2習題解答 ····················································· 91第 12章波動 ························································· 99
12.1要點歸納 ····················································· 99
12.2習題解答 ····················································· 100第 13章光波 ························································· 107
13.1要點歸納 ····················································· 107
13.2習題解答 ····················································· 109第 14章量子物理學初步 ··············································· 116
14.1要點歸納 ····················································· 116
14.2習題解答 ····················································· 117第 15章原子核與基本粒子 ·············································· 124
15.1要點歸納 ····················································· 124
15.2習題解答 ····················································· 125
第六篇拓展閱讀
拓展 A物理學與生命科學 ·············································· 129
A.1物理學與大學教育 ·············································· 129
A.2生命科學專業(yè)的學生學習物理學的目的和意義 ························ 130
A.3力學與生命科學 ················································ 131
A.4熱學與生命科學 ················································ 133
A.5電磁學與生命科學 ·············································· 134
A.6光學與生命科學 ················································ 136
A.7量子力學與生命科學 ············································ 138拓展 B非線性系統(tǒng)與生命科學 ·········································· 141
B.1混沌 ························································· 141
B.2維數(shù)概念的劃時代突破 分維 ··································· 145
B.3混沌與分形的聯(lián)系 ·············································· 147
B.4耗散結(jié)構(gòu) ····················································· 147拓展 C生物電磁效應(yīng) ················································· 149
C.1生物體中的電學特征 ············································ 149
C.2外電場對生物體的影響 ·········································· 150
C.3生物體中的磁學特征 ············································ 151拓展 D值得借鑒的思維方法 ············································ 154
D.1認知論 ······················································· 154
D.2類比法的應(yīng)用 ················································· 158
目錄
D.3演繹法在相對論中的應(yīng)用 ········································ 159
D.4模型化方法 ··················································· 163
D.5自由思維 ····················································· 166
D.6現(xiàn)代物理學與經(jīng)典物理學思維研究方法的差異 ························ 167拓展 E光攝技術(shù) ····················································· 168
E.1光懾原理 ····················································· 168
E.2光懾的構(gòu)造 ··················································· 170
E.3光懾在生命科學領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 ····································· 171拓展 F超離心技術(shù) ··················································· 173拓展 G傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀的原理 ···································· 175拓展 H紅外線與紅外技術(shù) ·············································· 177
H.1紅外線的產(chǎn)生 ················································· 177
H.2紅外線的檢測 ················································· 178
H.3紅外技術(shù) ····················································· 179拓展 I超導(dǎo)體的電磁特性 ·············································· 182
I.1零電阻 ······················································· 182
I.2過斯納效應(yīng) ··················································· 184拓展 J電磁場的相對性 ··············································· 186
J.1在不同參考系測量電場 ·········································· 186
J.2動量和力的變換 ················································ 188
J.3靜止電荷對運動電荷的作用力 ····································· 189
J.4運動電荷對運動電荷的作用力 ····································· 189
J.5電磁場的變換 ················································· 190拓展 K若干專題分析 ················································· 192
K.1行星的運動軌道 ················································ 192
K.2對振動問題的進一步討論 ········································ 194
K.3相對論質(zhì)速關(guān)系和質(zhì)能關(guān)系的必然性 ······························· 198
K.4再論大氣壓強隨高度的變化······································· 201
K.5電勢的多極展開 ················································ 202
K.6光場的時空相干性 ·············································· 204拓展 L基于量綱分析的建模方法 ········································ 210
L.1量綱與量綱分析 ················································ 210
L.2建模方法和步驟 ················································ 212
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