Contents
Chapter 1 Optical Measurement Mechanics Fundamentals 1
1.1 Optics 1
1.1.1 Geometrical Optics 1
1.1.2 Physical Optics 4
1.2 Optical Interference 6
1.3 Optical Diffraction 7
1.4 Optical Polarization 9
1.5 Optical Interferometers 10
1.6 Lasers 13
Chapter 2 Holography and Holographic Interferometry 15
2.1 Holography 15
2.1.1 Holographic Recording 15
2.1.2 Holographic Reconstruction 16
2.2 Holographic Interferometry 17
2.2.1 Phase Calculation 17
2.2.2 Double-Exposure Holographic Interferometry 18
2.2.3 Real-Time Holographic Interferometry 20
2.2.4 Time-Averaged Holographic Interferometry 22
2.2.5 Real-Time Time-Averaged Holographic Interferometry 23
2.2.6 Stroboscopic Holographic Interferometry 25
Chapter 3 Speckle Photography and Speckle Interferometry 27
3.1 Speckle Photography 27
3.1.1 Double-Exposure Speckle Photography 27
3.1.2 Time-Averaged Speckle Photography 31
3.1.3 Stroboscopic Speckle Photography 33
3.2 Speckle Interferometry 34
3.2.1 In-Plane Displacement Measurement 34
3.2.2 Out-of-Plane Displacement Measurement 36
3.3 Speckle Shearing Interferometry 37
Chapter 4 Geometric Moiré and Moiré Interferometry 40
4.1 Geometric Moiré 40
4.1.1 Geometric Moiré Formation 41
4.1.2 Geometric Moiré for Strain Measurement 42
4.1.3 Shadow Moiré for Out-of-Plane Displacement Measurement 47
4.1.4 Reflection Moiré for Slope Measurement 49
4.2 Moiré Interferometry 51
4.2.1 Real-Time Method for In-Plane Displacement Measurement 51
4.2.2 Differential Load Method for In-Plane Displacement Measurement 52
Chapter 5 Phase-Shifting Interferometry and Phase Unwrapping54
5.1 Phase-Shifting Interferometry 54
5.1.1 Temporal Phase-Shifting Interferometry 54
5.1.2 Spatial Phase-Shifting Interferometry 58
5.2 Phase Unwrapping 60
Chapter 6 Discrete Transformation and Low-Pass Filtering 62
6.1 Discrete Transformation 62
6.1.1 Discrete Fourier Transform 62
6.1.2 Discrete Cosine Transform 66
6.2 Low-Pass Filtering 67
6.2.1 Averaging Smooth Filtering in Space Domain 68
6.2.2 Median Smooth Filtering in Space Domain 69
6.2.3 Adaptive Smooth Filtering in Space Domain 70
6.2.4 Ideal Low-Pass Filtering in Frequency Domain 70
6.2.5 Butterworth Low-Pass Filtering in Frequency Domain 72
6.2.6 Exponential Low-Pass Filtering in Frequency Domain 73
Chapter 7 Digital Holography and Digital Holographic Interferometry 75
7.1 Digital Holography 75
7.1.1 Digital Holographic Recording 76
7.1.2 Digital Holographic Reconstruction 77
7.1.3 Digital Holographic Experiments 78
7.2 Digital Holographic Interferometry 79
Chapter 8 Digital Speckle Interferometry and Digital Speckle Shearing Interferometry 81
8.1 Digital Speckle Interferometry 81
8.1.1 In-Plane Displacement Measurement 81
8.1.2 Out-of-Plane Displacement Measurement 84
8.2 Digital Speckle Shearing Interferometry 86
Chapter 9 Digital Image Correlation and Particle Image Velocimetry 90
9.1 Digital Image Correlation 90
9.1.1 Image Correlation Principle 90
9.1.2 Image Correlation Algorithm 91
9.1.3 Image Correlation System 93
9.1.4 Image Correlation Experiment 94
9.2 Particle Image Velocimetry 95
9.2.1 Image Velocimetry Principle 95
9.2.2 Image Velocimetry Algorithm 96
9.2.3 Image Velocimetry System 98
Reference 101
目錄
第1章 光測力學基礎102
1.1光學102
1.1.1幾何光學102
1.1.2物理光學104
1.2光波干涉105
1.3光波衍射106
1.4光波偏振107
1.5光學干涉儀107
1.6激光器109
第2章 全息照相與全息干涉110
2.1全息照相110
2.1.1全息記錄110
2.1.2全息再現111
2.2全息干涉112
2.2.1相位計算112
2.2.2雙曝光全息干涉112
2.2.3實時全息干涉114
2.2.4時間平均全息干涉115
2.2.5實時時間平均全息干涉117
2.2.6頻閃全息干涉118
第3章 散斑照相與散斑干涉121
3.1散斑照相121
3.1.1雙曝光散斑照相121
3.1.2時間平均散斑照相124
3.1.3頻閃散斑照相126
3.2散斑干涉127
3.2.1面內位移測量127
3.2.2離面位移測量128
3.3散斑剪切干涉129
第4章 幾何云紋與云紋干涉131
4.1幾何云紋131
4.1.1幾何云紋形成131
4.1.2幾何云紋應變測量132
4.1.3影像云紋離面位移測量136
4.1.4反射云紋斜率測量138
4.2云紋干涉139
4.2.1實時法面內位移測量139
4.2.2差載法面內位移測量140
第5章 相移干涉與相位展開142
5.1相移干涉142
5.1.1時間相移干涉142
5.1.2空間相移干涉145
5.2相位展開147
第6章 離散變換與低通濾波149
6.1離散變換149
6.1.1離散傅里葉變換149
6.1.2離散余弦變換152
6.2低通濾波154
6.2.1空域均值平滑濾波154
6.2.2空域中值平滑濾波155
6.2.3空域自適應平滑濾波156
6.2.4頻域理想低通濾波157
6.2.5頻域巴特沃思低通濾波158
6.2.6頻域指數低通濾波159
第7章 數字全息照相與數字全息干涉161
7.1數字全息照相161
7.1.1數字全息記錄161
7.1.2數字全息再現162
7.1.3數字全息實驗163
7.2數字全息干涉164
第8章 數字散斑干涉與數字散斑剪切干涉166
8.1數字散斑干涉166
8.1.1面內位移測量166
8.1.2離面位移測量169
8.2數字散斑剪切干涉171
第9章 數字圖像相關與粒子圖像測速174
9.1數字圖像相關174
9.1.1圖像相關原理174
9.1.2圖像相關算法175
9.1.3圖像相關系統177
9.1.4圖像相關實驗177
9.2粒子圖像測速178
9.2.1圖像測速原理178
9.2.2圖像測速算法179
9.2.3圖像測速系統180
參考文獻183