《英語詩歌教程：詩歌要素與詩歌種類》主要講述了：This book is different from other poetry textbooks in the following ways.First,focusis shifted from poets to knowledge about poetry and sample poems.The poetic knowledgeis explained in great detail and simple terms.The book provides students with a systematicexplanation of types,elements and themes of poetry.Second,a comparative approach is adoptedin designing some questions for discussion.Many English poems are studied in a comparativecontext,eliciting studentsattention to both English poetry and Chinese poetry.Third,thedesign of the questions is bold in the sense that various tasks are assigned： ranging fromanalyzing,reciting,translating to making comments,making comparisons,and even experiencingpoetry-writing.
We have long conceived the idea of compiling a poetry textbook in a way different fromother such books in which the materials are arranged chronologically, believing that it issignificant to tell the students what poetry is in terms of poetic types and poetic elements. It isour best wish that we made this textbook sufficient enough for students to know what type apoem belongs to and what principles a certain type of poem follows. Therefore this book is oneof both knowledge about poetry and sample poems.
This book is different from other poetry textbooks in the following ways. First, focusis shifted from poets to knowledge about poetry and sample poems. The poetic knowledgeis explained in great detail and simple terms. The book provides students with a systematicexplanation of types, elements and themes of poetry. Second, a comparative approach is adoptedin designing some questions for discussion. Many English poems are studied in a comparativecontext, eliciting students attention to both English poetry and Chinese poetry. Third, thedesign of the questions is bold in the sense that various tasks are assigned: ranging fromanalyzing, reciting, translating to making comments, making comparisons, and even experiencingpoetry-writing.
The purpose of this textbook is to give students a whole picture of what poetry is, so poetryis here studied from many perspectives.
Preface
Part One Introduction
Chapter One Brief Introduction to British and American Poetry
Chapter Two What Is Poetry
Chapter Three How to Read a Poem
Chapter Four How to Evaluate a Poem
Chapter Five Themes of a Poem
Part Two Elements of Poetry
Chapter One Voice: Speaker and Tone
John Donne: The Flea
Robert Frost: Stopping by Woods On a Snowy Evening
William Blake: The Lamb
Theodore Roethke: My Papas Waltz
Robert Hayden: Those Winter Sundays
Chapter Two Diction
John Milton: Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint
William Blake: London
William Wordsworth: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Alfred,Lord Tennyson: Crossing the Bar
Chapter Three Imagery
Robert Browning: Meeting at Night
Alfred,Lord Tennyson: Break,Break,Break
Ezra Pound: In a Station of the Metro
Seamus Heaney: The Play Way
Chapter Four Figures of Speech
Section One Simile,Metaphor
Robert Bums: A Red,Red Rose
Alfred Tennyson: The Eagle: A Fragment
Sylvia Plath: Metaphors
Section Two Metonymy,Synecdoche
Andrew Marvell: To His Coy Mistress
Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ozymandias
Section Three Personification,Apostrophe
William Wordsworth: London,1802
John Keats: To Autumn
Sylvia Plath: Mirror
Section Four Irony
William Blake: The Chimney Sweeper
Stephen Crane: The War Is Kind
Section Five Paradox
Richard Lovelace: To Lucasta,Going to the War
William Wordsworth: She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
Thomas Hardy: Hap
Chapter Five Symbolism and Allegory
William Blake: The Sick Rose
Thomas Stearns Eliot: The Boston Evening Transcript
Emily Dickinson: I Heard a Fly Buzz——When I Died
William Buffer Yeats: The Second Coming
Chapter Six Syntax
Thomas Hardy: The Man He Killed
William Buffer Yeats: An Irish Airman Foresees His Death
Chapter Seven Sound: Rhyme,Alliteration and Assonance
Emily Dickinson: The Soul Selects Her Own Society
Wystan Hugh Auden: That Night When Joy Began
Chapter Eight Rhythm and Meter
Robert Herriek: An Ode to Him
Edna St. Vincent Millay: Gods World
Part Three Types of Poetry
Chapter One Narrative Poetry
Section One Epic
John Milton: Paradise Lost
Section Two Ballad
Anonymous: Get Up and Bar the Door
John Keats: La Belle Dame Sans Merci
Section Three Romance
Anonymous: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Chapter Two Lyric Poetry
Section One Sonnet
William Shakespeare: Sonnet
William Wordsworth: The World Is Too Much with Us
John Keats: On the Grasshopper and the Cricket
Section Two Ode
Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind
John Keats: Ode on a Grecian Urn
Section Three Song
John Donne: Song
Ben Jonson: Song: To Celia
Robert Burns: Auld Lang Syne
Section Four Elegy
John Milton: Lycidas
Thomas Gray: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
Percy Busshe Shelley: Adonais
Section Five Dirge
William Shakespeare: Full Fathom Five
Percy Bysshe Shelley: A Dirge
Section Six Aubade
John Donne: The Sun Rising
Robert Browning: Parting at Morning
Section Seven Pastoral
Christopher Marlowe: The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
William Wordsworth: Michael: A Pastoral Poem
Chapter Three Dramatic Poetry
Robert Browning: My Last Duchess
Percy Bysshes Shelley: Prometheus Unbound
Chapter Four Other Types of Poetry
Section One Descriptive Poetry
James Thomson: The Seasons
William Wordsworth: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge,September 3,1802
Section Two Reflective Poetry
William Cowper: The Task: The Stricken Deer
Section Three Didactic Poetry
Alexander Pope: An Essay on Criticism
Section Four Satirical Poetry
Percy Bysshe Shelley: England in 1819
Erenst Jones: The Song of the Lower Classes
A Glossary of Poetic Terms
List of Poets
Bibliography
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Rhythm refers to any steady pattern of repetition, particularly a regular recurrence ofaccented or unaccented syllables at equal intervals. It is the basis for poetrys musical effect.Depending on how sounds are arranged, the rhythm of a poem may be fast or slow, choppyor smooth. A poet normally uses rhythm to frame pleasurable sound patterns, to construct amood, to create a response suitable to the sense of his words and ideas, and lastly to reinforce hismeaning.
Meter is the regular rhythm created by the repetition of similar patterns of accented andunaccented syllables. A fact that needs to be recognized is that frequendy two lines may be of thesame meter, whereas the rhythms of the lines may be different. Meter is the structure but rhythmis the movement, and these two are related to each other. The basic unit of meter is the foot, aunit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables. A poetic foot includes six kinds:iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic and pyrrhic.
An iambic line is composed primarily of iambs, an unaccented syllable followed by anaccented syllables, as in the word preVENT or conTAIN. Read the following line:
The FALLing OUT of FAITHful FRIENDS, reNEWing IS of LOVE
（*Capitalization indicates stressed syllables, lower case letters unstressed ones.）
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